[Lesson 12]
조동사 4


p.124, 126 [조동사 총 정리]

 
현재/가까운 미래
과거
조동사 + 동사원형
조동사 + have p.p.
1) may/might + 동사원형 may/might + have p.p.(※ 보통 might를 더 많이 씀)
~일지도 모른다 ~였을지도 모른다
ex1) He may call me. ex1) He might have called me.
ex2) He might call me. ex2) He might have done it.
2) must + 동사원형 must + have p.p.
~임에 틀림없다 ~였음에 틀림없다
cf. ~해야한다. ex1) She must have liked you.
ex1) She must like you. ex2) It must have been love.
3) should + 동사원형 should + have p.p.
충고 ~했어야 했는데 (안했다).
ex1) You should call her. ex1) I should have called her.
ex2) I should have studied last night.
＊ shouldn't + have p.p.
~하지 말았어야 했는데 (했다).
ex1) I shouldn't have called her.
4) could + have p.p.
~할 수도 있었는데 (안했다).
ex1) You could have done it.

※ Listening point
must have -> [must've]
should have -> [should've]로 연음되어 발음할 수 있다.
＊ ['ve]가 [of]처럼 발음된다.

p.127 [ought to / used to]

1) ought to + 동사원형
: ~해야한다. (※ 구어체에서는 많이 쓰이지 않는다.)
ex1) You ought to stop drinking immediately.
ex2) You ought not to have gone to America.
＊ ought not to + have p.p.: ~하지 말았어야만 했는데
2) used to + 동사원형
: ~하곤 했었다. (규칙적인 습관)
ex1) I used to see a movie every weekend.
3) would + 동사원형
: ~하곤 했었다. (불규칙적인 습관)
I would go to a singing room.

p.128 [need / dare]

1) need (to)
: ~할 필요가 있다. (※ 부정문과 의문문에서만 조동사로 쓰임)
ex1) You don't need to answer me. (일반동사)
     = You need not answer me. (조동사)
ex2) Why do I need to answer you? (일반동사)
       = Why need I answer you? (조동사)
ex3) You didn't need to emigrate to America. (일반동사)
     = You need not have emigrated to America. (조동사)
＊ 구어체에서는 don't need to를 더 많이 쓴다.
2) dare
: 감히 ~하다.
I dared not go forward. = I did not dare (to) go forward.
How dare you laugh at me? (네가 어떻게 감히 나를 비웃을 수 있어?)
He dare not talk to me. (그는 감히 내게 얘기할 수 없다.)

※ [had better / would rather]

1) had better + 동사원형
: ~하는 게 더 낫다.
ex1) I'd better go home.
＊ 부정: had better not + 동사원형
ex1) I'd better not go home today.
  ex2) I'd better not buy it.
※ You'd better~ 로 시작하는 문장은 윗사람이 아랫사람에게 얘기할 때 적당하다.
2) would rather + 동사원형
: 차라리 ~을 하겠다. (더 선호한다.)
ex1) I'd rather stay home.
  ＊ would rather A than B: B보다 차라리 A를 하겠다.
ex1) I'd rather stay home than go out. (밖에 나가느니 차라리 집에 있겠다.)
ex2) I'd rather have a dog than a cat. (고양이보다는 개를 갖겠습니다.)