영문법 기초탈출

[Lesson 6]

대명사 - 지시대명사 & 부정대명사

p.368 - 369 [대명사 it]

＊ 대명사 it의 일반용법: 대명사 it은 앞에 나온 사물, 구, 절 또는 문장을 대신 받는다.

ex1)	A: Is this your computer?
	B: Yes, it's mine. (명사)

ex2) He tried to swim across the river, but it was impossible. (구)

ex3) They say (that) you did your best, but I don't believe it. (절)

ex4) He was innocent, but he couldn't prove it. (문장)

＊ 대명사 it의 특별용법(비인칭 주어)

: 날씨, 명암, 시간, 요일, 거리, 상황 등을 나타낼 때 사용 (이 때의 it은 해석하지 않는다)

ex1) It is windy today. (날씨)

ex2) It's getting brighter. (명암)

ex3) It's just 10 o'clock. (시간)

ex4) It is Sunday today. (요일)

ex5) It is about 10 miles away from here. (거리)

ex6) It's all over. (상황)

p.371 - 374 [지시대명사]

1)	단수	this	that	+ 단수명사
	복수	these	those	+ 복수명사

ex1) This is a book.

ex2) I like those.

ex3) This book is mine.

ex4) I like those shoes.

※ 명사의 반복을 피하기 위해 that(those)을 대신 쓸 때

ex1) My feelings were those of a little girl. (feelings를 대신)

ex2) She was very tender-hearted, and her eyes were as gentle as those of her mother. (eyes를 대신)

2) such: (형용사/대명사로서) 앞서 한 말을 받아 '그러한 것/사람'을 의미

ex1) I have never seen such a beautiful woman before. (지시형용사)

ex2) This is the coldest winter. We have never had such. (지시대명사)

3) so: '그렇게'라는 뜻의 부사이지만, 동사의 목적어나 보어로 대명사처럼 쓰임

ex1) He told me to wait here, and I did so. (목적어)

ex2) Your sister is very cute.

- So she is. (= Yes, she is very cute.) (보어)

3) same:	'같은'이라는 의미의 형용사로 뒤에 나오는 명사를 수식하지만,
	'같은 사람/사물'을 의미하는 대명사로도 쓰임 (주로 정관사 the와 함께 쓰임)

ex) She treated me badly. I will do the same some day.

p.375 - 380 [부정대명사]

＊ 부정대명사: 막연한 사람이나 사물 또는 수량을 나타낼 때 (부정형용사로도 쓰임)

＊ 부정대명사의 종류

① 부정대명사와 형용사로 쓰이는 경우: all, another, any, both, each, either, neither, some

② 부정대명사로만 쓰이는 경우: one, none

③ 형용사로만 쓰이는 경우: every, no

1) each, every, both, all

	명사의 수	의미
each	단수명사	각자, 제각기
every	단수명사	(어느 것이나) 모두
both	복수명사	(양쪽) 모두
all	'수'는 복수 '양'은 단수	모두, 전체, 전부

ex1) I have two watches, and each one is very expensive.

ex2) Every dog has his day. (쥐구멍에도 볕들 날이 있다.)

ex3) Both of my parents are still alive in North Korea.

ex4) She has two dogs. Both are poodles.

ex5) All of the stock was damaged by the fire. (화재가 나서 재고품이 모두 파손되었다.)

ex6) All of us are healthy.

2) some과 any

	some	any
쓰임	① 긍정문에서 ② 부탁 및 권유할 때 (의문문) ③ 긍정적 응답을 기대할 때 ④ 단수형 가산명사 앞에서	① 의문문, 부정문, 조건절에서 ② 긍정문에서는 '어느 것이나'라고 표현할 때
공통점	① 막연한 수량을 나타낼 때 사람이나 사물에 모두 쓴다. ② 대명사나 형용사로도 쓰인다. ③ 단수, 복수에 모두 쓰인다.

ex1)	A: Do you have any friends in Canada? (의문문)
	B: Yes, I have some (friends in Canada). (긍정문)
	No, I don't have any (friends in Canada). (부정문)

ex2) Would you lend me some money if you have any? (부탁, 조건절)

ex3) Won't you have some more cookies? (권유)

ex4)	A: If you have some water, please give me some. (긍정적 응답을 예상)
	B: Yes, I will.

ex5) If there is any left, give me some. (조건절)

ex6) You may ask any questions if you have. (긍정문)

ex7) Some woman left this handbag. (가산명사 단수 앞에서)

3) other와 another

① some: 어떤 (사람, 것) / others: 다른 (사람, 것) <불특정>

ex) Some like the sea; others (like) the mountains.

②	some: (정해진 수에서) 몇 (명, 개) / the others: 그 나머지 <특정>
	one: 하나 / another: 다른 하나 <불특정>

ex1) Will you have another cup of tea?

cf. Please stretch your other hand.

ex2) I don't like this color.	Show me another.
	Show me the others.
	Show me other. (×)

③ <셋 중에서> one(하나), another(다른 하나), the other(나머지 하나)

4) either와 neither

① either:	(긍정문) '둘 중 어느 것이나 ~이다'
	(부정문) '둘 다 ~아니다'

ex1) Either of these sweaters is good for you.

ex2) I don't like either.

O(대명사)

② neither: (부정문) '둘 중 어느 것도 ~아니다'

ex) I like neither of those photos.

③ neither A nor B / either A or B

ex) I don't have either money or time.

5) one, no one, none

ex1) I have lost my camera; I have to buy one. (※ one: 'a + 명사' 를 대신 받는 말)

ex2)	I bought a pen.
	I liked the pen.
	I lost it.
	I'll buy	a new pen.
		a new one.
		one.

ex3) One should love one's[his] neighbor. (사람은 자기 이웃을 사랑해야 한다.)

ex4) She has a lot of precious stones and keeps the expensive ones in a safe.

ex5) No one knows the mystery of the universe.

ex6) She has a stereo, but I have none.

p.381 [복합 부정대명사]

	사람	사물	장소(부사)
긍정문	someone/somebody	something	somewhere
의문문	anyone/anybody	anything	anywhere
부정문	no one/nobody	nothing

ex1) Somebody is coming here.

ex2) There is something noble about her.

ex3) I don't want to meet anybody now.

ex4) Is there anything wrong with your car?

ex5) She said everything was going well.

ex6) Everybody's business is nobody's business.

ex7) You can't have everything.

ex8) Nobody knows your secret.

※ 알아두기

불특정		특정
all	명사	all	of	the 소유격 지시형용사	명사
most		most
some		some
any		any
no		no
both		both