[Lesson 10]
ºÎ»ç - ´Ü¾î ºÎ»ç

[¸í»ç · Çü¿ë»ç · ºÎ»ç - º¹½À]

1) ¸í»ç
¨ç ´Ü¾î¸í»ç
¨è ´ë¸í»ç
¨é ¸í»ç±¸: to + ¨â
¨â -ing
¨ê ¸í»çÀý: that + S + V
Àǹ®»ç + S + V
if/whether + S + V
2) Çü¿ë»ç     ¢Ñ ¿ø±Þ, ºñ±³±Þ, ÃÖ»ó±Þ¿¡ ¾²ÀÓ
¨ç ¸í»ç ¼ö½Ä
¨è ¹®ÀåÀÇ º¸¾îÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾²ÀÓ
3) ºÎ»ç
¨ç Çü¿ë»ç/µ¿»ç ¼ö½Ä     ¢Ñ ¿ø±Þ, ºñ±³±Þ, ÃÖ»ó±Þ¿¡ ¾²ÀÓ
¨è ½Ã°£, Àå¼Ò, ÀÌÀ¯, Á¶°Ç, ¾çº¸ µîÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀÓ     ¢Ñ ºÎ»ç±¸, ºÎ»çÀý
p.426 - 430 [´Ü¾îºÎ»ç]
1) ºÎ»çÀÇ ÀǹÌ: ~ÇϰÔ
2) ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ: Çü¿ë»ç/µ¿»ç ¼ö½Ä
ex1) She is very pretty.
really
ex2) He speaks English well.
fluently.
slowly.
ex3) He always speaks slowly. (µ¿»ç ¼ö½Ä)
ex4) She is very nice. (Çü¿ë»ç ¼ö½Ä)
ex5) Listen to him very carefully. (ºÎ»ç¿Í µ¿»ç¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼ö½Ä)
ex6) School begins just at eight. (±¸ ¼ö½Ä)
ex7) I went to the library soon after I came home. (Àý ¼ö½Ä)
ex8) Maybe he was wrong. (¹®Àå ¼ö½Ä)
ex9) Only my mother really understood me. (¸í»ç ¼ö½Ä)
ex10) Only you can make me happy. (´ë¸í»ç ¼ö½Ä)
3) ºÎ»çÀÇ Á¾·ù
¨ç Àǹ̻óÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÒ ¶§
»óÅÂ
fast, well, happily...
ºóµµ
always, often, weekly...
Àå¼Ò
here, there, near...
Á¤µµ
almost, very, only...
¶§
now, then, tomorrow...
ÀÌÀ¯, °á°ú
so, thus, therefore...

¨è ±â´É»óÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÒ ¶§
´Ü¼øºÎ»ç
very, now, fast...
Àǹ®ºÎ»ç
why, when, where, how
°ü°èºÎ»ç
why, when, where, how
¡Ø ´Ü¼øºÎ»ç¿¡´Â Áö½ÃºÎ»ç, ºÎÁ¤ºÎ»ç, ¹®ÀåºÎ»ç°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Áö½ÃºÎ»ç
this, that, here, there...
ºÎÁ¤ºÎ»ç
somehow, somewhere, everywhere...
¹®ÀåºÎ»ç
happily, perhaps, luckily...
4) ºÎ»ç¸¦ ¸¸µé ¶§
Çü¿ë»ç + -ly
Çü¿ë»ç¿Í °°Àº ÇüÅÂÀÇ ºÎ»ç
°°Àº ºÎ»çÁö¸¸ ¶æÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ °æ¿ì
Çü¿ë»ç
ºÎ»ç
Çü¿ë»ç
ºÎ»ç
ºÎ»ç
ºÎ»ç
honest -> honestly
Á¤Á÷ÇÑ Á¤Á÷ÇϰÔ
fast -> fast
ºü¸¥ »¡¸®
late -> lately
´Ê°Ô ÃÖ±Ù¿¡
true
->
truly
Áø½ÇÇÑ
Áø½ÇÇϰÔ
low -> low
³·Àº ³·°Ô
pretty -> prettily
²Ï
¿¹»Ú°Ô
full
->
fully
°¡µæÂù
°¡µæÈ÷
hard
-> hard
´Ü´ÜÇÑ ´Ü´ÜÇϰÔ
hard
->
hardly
¿­½ÉÈ÷ °ÅÀÇ ~¾Æ´Ï´Ù
easy
->
easily
½¬¿î
½±°Ô
early -> early
ºü¸¥ »¡¸®
high -> highly
³ôÀÌ ±²ÀåÈ÷
ex1) He   is   a   fast   runner.
Çü¿ë»ç ¸í»ç
ex2) He    runs    fast.
ÀϹݨ⠺λç
5) ºÎ»çÀÇ À§Ä¡
¨ç Çü¿ë»ç, ºÎ»ç, ±¸, Àý ¶Ç´Â (´ë)¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¶§´Â ¼ö½Ä ¾î±¸ ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù.
ex1) He runs very fast.
ex2) He is a very fast runner.
¡Ú ¶§¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»ç´Â ¹®¹Ì¿¡ ¿À´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¹®µÎ¿¡ ¿Ã ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ex3) I have to finish my homework tonight.
ex4) We have an English exam tomorrow.
¨è µ¿»ç³ª ¹®ÀåÀ» ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¶§´Â ¹®Àå ³¡¿¡ ¿Â´Ù.
ex1) We danced happily.
¡Ú ¹®Àå Àüü¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â ºÎ»ç´Â ¹®µÎ³ª ¹®¹Ì¿¡ ¿Â´Ù.
ex2) She lives with her grandmother, perhaps.
ex3) Luckily, the typhoon didn't approach Korea.
¨é ºóµµ³ª ºÎÁ¤À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»ç´Â beµ¿»ç³ª Á¶µ¿»ç µÚ, ÀϹݵ¿»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù.
  ¡Ø ºóµµºÎ»ç
    always rarely
    usually seldom
    sometimes hardly
    often never
ex1) He is always a fast runner.
never
ex2) He is always runs fast.
usually
never
ex3) I am usually in my office in the morning.
ex4) I usually go to school by subway.
¡Ú ºóµµºÎ»ç sometimes°¡ ¹®µÎ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¨ê ¿Ï·áÇüÀ̳ª ¼öµ¿ÅÂó·³ 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ ³ª¿Ã ¶§´Â Á¶µ¿»ç¿Í º»µ¿»ç »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿Â´Ù.
ex) The doctor has carefully examined the wounded.
   = The wounded have been carefully examined by the doctor.
p.431 - 436 [ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ºÎ»ç]
1) very¿Í much: '¾ÆÁÖ, ±²ÀåÈ÷'
¨ç very: Çü¿ë»ç³ª ºÎ»ç, ÃÖ»ó±Þ, ¶Ç´Â Çü¿ë»çÈ­µÈ ºÐ»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¾´´Ù.
¨è much: (Çü¿ë»ç³ª ºÎ»çÀÇ) ºñ±³±Þ, °ú°ÅºÐ»ç ¶Ç´Â µ¿»ç³ª ±¸¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù.
ex1) Koreans are very diligent. (Çü¿ë»ç ¼ö½Ä)
ex2) He speaks very clearly. (ºÎ»ç ¼ö½Ä)
ex3) This is the very best wine in this shop. (ÃÖ»ó±Þ ¼ö½Ä)
ex4) You never know how much I love you. (µ¿»ç ¼ö½Ä)
ex5) I feel much better today. (ºñ±³±Þ ¼ö½Ä)
ex6) He was much respected by youngsters. (°ú°ÅºÐ»ç ¼ö½Ä)
¡Ø ºÎÁ¤¹®°ú Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­´Â much°¡ ´Üµ¶À¸·Î ¾²ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (much = a lot)
ex1)  I don't like dogs much. (³ª´Â °³¸¦ ±×¸® ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.)
ex2) A: Do you like her much? (±×³à¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Ï?)
B: Yes, I like her very much. (ÀÀ, ¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇØ.)
2) ago¿Í before
¨ç ago: ÇöÀ縦 ±âÁØÀ¸·Î '±× ÀÌÀü'À» ³ªÅ¸³»°í, ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾Õ¿¡ ¼ö»ç°¡ ¿Â´Ù.
¨è before: °ú°Å¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î '±× ¶§º¸´Ù ´õ ÀÌÀü'À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¶Ç ¿Ï·áÇü ¹®Àå¿¡¼­´Â '°æÇè'ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³» ÁØ´Ù.
¼ýÀÚ + ±â°£´ÜÀ§ + ago
3
days
ago
ex1) I saw his father a week ago. (ÇöÀ縦 ±âÁØ)
ex2) I told him that I had seen his father the week before. (°ú°Å¸¦ ±âÁØ)
ex3) I have never seen his father before. ( °æÇè)
3) too¿Í either: too´Â ±àÁ¤¹®¿¡, either´Â ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡ ¾²ÀÓ
ex1) A: I am from Texas.
B: Really? I am, too. (±àÁ¤)
ex2) A: I can't play golf.
B: I can't, either. (ºÎÁ¤)
4) once¿Í ever
¨ç once: ±àÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­ 'ºóµµ'¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â ÁÖ·Î ¹®¹Ì¿¡ ¾²À̸ç, '°æÇè'À» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§´Â ÁÖ·Î µ¿»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.
¨è ever: Àǹ®¹®, ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­ '°æÇè'À» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¶§¿Í Á¶°ÇÀý¿¡¼­ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex1) I have visited Moscow once. (ºóµµ)
ex2) I once saw him in Busan. (°æÇè)
ex3) Once upon a time there was a king named Midas. (¼÷¾î)
ex4) Have you ever been to New York? (°æÇè)
ex5) Nothing has ever happened during your absence. (ºÎÁ¤¹®)
ex6) Please drop in anytime if you ever come this way. (Á¶°ÇÀý)
5) already¿Í yet, still
¨ç already: ±àÁ¤¹®À̳ª Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­ 'À̹Ì, ¹ú½á'ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²À̰í, Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­´Â ³î¶ó¿òÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
¨è yet: ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼­´Â '¾ÆÁ÷', Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­´Â '¹ú½á'ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
¨é still: ±àÁ¤¹®À̳ª Àǹ®¹®¿¡¼­ '¿©ÀüÈ÷, ¾ÆÁ÷µµ'ÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex1) I have already finished my homework. (³ª´Â ¹ú½á ¼÷Á¦¸¦ ³¡³Â´Ù. - ±àÁ¤¹®)
ex2) Have you seen that movie already? (¹ú½á Àú ¿µÈ­ ºÃ´Ï? - Àǹ®¹®) ¢Ð ³î¶ó¿ò
ex3) I haven't finished my homework yet. (³ª´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ¼÷Á¦¸¦ ³¡³»Áö ¸øÇß´Ù. - ºÎÁ¤¹®)
ex4) Have you done your homework yet? (¹ú½á ¼÷Á¦ ³¡³Â¾î¿ä? - Àǹ®¹®)
ex5) I still have another ten minutes. (¾ÆÁ÷ 10ºÐ ´õ ³²¾Ò¾î¿ä. - ±àÁ¤¹®)
ex6) Are you still single? (¾ÆÁ÷µµ µ¶½ÅÀ̼¼¿ä? - Àǹ®¹®)
6) enough¿Í so, too: enough´Â ÁÖ·Î Çü¿ë»ç³ª ºÎ»ç µÚ¿¡, so¿Í too´Â Çü¿ë»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¾²ÀδÙ
ex1) I  have  enough   money.
Çü¿ë»ç   ¸í»ç
ex2) He   isn't   tall   enough.
Çü¿ë»ç ºÎ»ç
ex3) This computer is small enough to carry in my pocket. (Çü¿ë»ç µÚ)
     = This computer is so small that I can carry it in my pocket. (Çü¿ë»ç ¾Õ)
ex4) This   is   too   cold.
ºÎ»ç Çü¿ë»ç
¢Ñ very º¸´Ù ¾à°£ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀǹÌ
ex5) This desk is too heavy for me to move easily. (Çü¿ë»ç ¾Õ)
     = This desk is so heavy that I cannot move it easily. (Çü¿ë»ç ¾Õ)
ex6) I can't thank you enough. (´õÇÒ ³ªÀ§ ¾øÀÌ °í¸¿½À´Ï´Ù.)
¡Ø too + Çü¿ë»ç + to ¨â: ³Ê¹« ~ÇØ¼­ ~ÇÏÁö ¸ø ÇÏ´Ù
¡Ø Çü¿ë»ç + enough + to ¨â: ~ÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ~ÇÏ´Ù
7) not, never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely
: ¸ðµÎ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ¶æÀ» Áö´Ñ ºÎ»ç·Î µ¿»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù. beµ¿»ç¿Í Á¶µ¿»ç µÚ, ¶Ç´Â ÀϹݵ¿»ç ¾Õ¿¡ ¾²ÀδÙ.
not
~ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ
never
°áÄÚ ~ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ
seldom
Á»Ã³·³ ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
hardly
°ÅÀÇ ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
scarcely
°ÅÀÇ ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
rarely
Á»Ã³·³ ~ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
8) here¿Í there: '¿©±â', '°Å±â' (Àå¼Ò)
¨ç ¹®Àå¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¹« ÀÇ¹Ì ¾øÀÌ Çü½ÄÁÖ¾î·Î ¾²ÀδÙ. (À¯µµºÎ»ç)
¨è ÁÖ¾î´Â µµÄ¡µÇ¾î µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡ ³ª¿À°í, µ¿»ç´Â ±× µÚ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ¼ö¿Í ÀÏÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex1) Here is an interesting story.
ex2) Here comes the bus.
ex3) Here she comes.
ex4) There was a bag on my desk.
¡Ø ºÎ»ç·Î Âø°¢Çϱ⠽¬¿î Çü¿ë»ç
elderly ³ªÀÌ ¸¹Àº ugly ÈäÃøÇÑ
hilly ¾ð´öÀÌ ¸¹Àº lonely ¾µ¾µÇÑ
holy ½Å¼ºÇÑ lovely »ç¶û½º·¯¿î, ¸ÚÁø
homely °¡Á¤ÀûÀÎ, °Ë¼ÒÇÑ manly ³²ÀÚ´Ù¿î
lively ¿ø±â ¿Õ¼ºÇÑ womanly ¿©¼º´Ù¿î