[Lesson 17] 준동사 3 - 부사구 p.143 - 144 [부사구] * 부사(적 기능): 형용사, 동사 수식 시간, 장소, 이유, 목적, 결과, 양보, 조건... * 부사구 1) to부정사의 부사적 용법 ex1) We do not live to eat, but eat to live. (목적) ex2) We worked hard (in order) to increase our sales. (목적) ex3) He studied hard (so as) to get a scholarship. (목적) ex4) I am very glad to see you again. (원인) ex5) She must be carzy to love such a man. (판단의 근거) ex6) He grew up to be a violinist. (결과) ex7) To hear him speak English, you would take him for an American. (조건) ex8) To do my best, I could not pass the exam. (양보) ex9) This problem is difficult to understand. (형용사 수식) ex10) It takes a long time to study English. (동사 수식) ex11) I was too tired to run faster. (정도) ex12) This song is easy enough to sing. (정도) ex13) To be frank with you, I am broke. (독립부정사) 2) 독립부정사 ex1) To tell the truth, she was my first love. ☜ 사실대로 말하자면 ex2) To be frank with you, his English is poor. ☜ 솔직히 말하면 ex3) To make matters worse, it began to snow. ☜ 설상가상으로 ex4) Needless to say, smoking is not good for the health. ☜ 말할 필요도 없이 ex5) Strange to say, she doesn't agree with me. ☜ 이상하게 들리겠지만 ex6) He is up to his neck, so to speak, in debt. ☜ 말 그대로 p.160 - 164, 168 [부사구 - 분사구문] 1) 분사구문 ⓥ -ing ~ (능동의 의미) , S + V p.p. ~ (수동의 의미) ex) If you turn left, you will find a gas station.  → Turning left, you will find a gas station. ex1) When I called on him yesterday, I found him sleeping. (때)    → Calling on him yesterday, I found him sleeping. ex2) Because she is rich, she can buy another mink coat. (원인, 이유)    → Being rich, she can buy another mink coat. ex3) Though he was poor, he was honest. (양보)    → Being poor, he was honest. ex4) She came up to me, and she asked me a few questions. (부대상황 - 계속)    → Coming up to me, she asked me a few questions.    → She came up to me, asking me a few questions. ex5) She read a magazine as she walked along the road. (부대상황 - 동시동작)    → She read a magazine walking along the road.    → Walking along the road, she read a magazine.    → Reading a magazine, she walked along the road.    → She walked along the road reading a magazine. 2) 분사구문의 여러가지 형태 ① 부정문일 때: not을 항상 맨 앞에 ex) Since I did not know what to do next, I followed her advice.   → Not knowing what to do next, I followed her advice. ② 수동태일 때: be동사 생략 가능 ex) Since it is surrounded by the sea, Korea has a mild climate.   → (Being) Surrounded by the sea, Korea has a mild climate. ③ 분사구문이 문장 중간에 삽입될 때: 앞 뒤에 콤마를 붙여준다. ex) We, not having heard the bell, kept on studying. ④ 종속절과 주절의 주어가 같을 때: 종속절의 주어와 be동사를 생략할 수 있다 ex1) When I was young, I spent a lot of money.    → When young, I spent a lot of money. ※ 능동 VS 수동 ex1) If you turn left, you will find a gas station.    → Turning left, you will find a gas station. (주어가 직접 동작을 행하므로 현재분사) ex2) As it is used by everyone, it should be placed in the hallway.    → Used by everyone, it should be placed in the hallway. (주어에게 동작이 행해지므로 과거분사) 3) 분사구문의 시제 * 완료형 ex1) As I have walked all day long, I am tired. (현재완료)    → Having walked all day long, I am tired. (하루 종일 걸었더니 피곤하다.) ex2) As I had walked all day long, I was tired. (과거완료)    → Having walked all day long, I was tired. (하루 종일 걸었더니 피곤했다.) 4) 독립분사구문: 주절과 종속절의 주어가 다른 경우 생략할 수 없으며 반드시 주어를 나타내야 한다 ex1) Because she is nice, I like her best.    → She being nice, I like her best. ex2) After the sun had set, we went to home quickly.    → The sun having set, we went to home quickly. ex3) Since there was no taxi, I had to walk home.    → There being no taxi, I had to walk home. 5) 무인칭 독립분사구문: 주어가 막연한 경우 주절과 종속절의 주어가 달라도 종속절의 주어를 생략할 수 있다 ex1) If we speak honestly, he is out of his mind.    → Honestly speaking, he is out of his mind. ☜ 솔직히 말해서 ex2) Generally speaking, Koreans are diligent. ☜ 일반적으로 ex3) Frankly speaking, I didn't love her at first. ☜ 솔직히 말해서 ex4) Considering your health, don't skip meals. ☜ ~을 생각해서(Considering ~) ex5) Judging from what I've heard, he will resign soon. ☜ ~에 의하면(Judging from ~) 6) 전치사(with) + 목적어 + 분사(또는 다른 어구): 부대상황 ex1) She rushed into my room with her eyes shining. (눈을 반짝이면서) ex2) He sat in front of me with his arms folded and legs crossed. (팔짱을 끼고 다리를 꼰 채) ex3) He always sleeps with his mouth open. (입을 벌린 채) ex4) He walked with his coat over his left shoulder. (왼쪽 어깨에 코트를 걸치고) ex5) General MacArthur was standing on the deck, with a pipe in his mouth. (파이프를 입에 문 채)