[Lesson 4]
°ú°Å½ÃÁ¦ (beµ¿»ç & °ú°ÅÁøÇàÇü) + µ¿»çÀÇ È°¿ë



p.106 [be µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü]

¡Ø be µ¿»ç: ~ ÀÌ´Ù/ ÀÖ´Ù (»óÅÂ) => ~ ¿´´Ù/ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù

I

was

    a student(¸í»ç)
last year.
    watching TV(ÁøÇàÇü)
at 10 last night.
He

    tall(Çü¿ë»ç)
when he was young.
    studying English(ÁøÇàÇü)
when you called him.
She
    in Sydney(Àå¼Ò¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¸»)
in 1998.
It
    hot(Çü¿ë»ç)
yesterday.
You/They/We
were
    at home(Àå¼Ò)
last night.

¨ç be µ¿»ç °ú°ÅÀÇ ºÎÁ¤: be µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡ notÀ» ºÙÀδÙ.


I


was


not


You/They/We


were


He/She/It


wasn¡¯t


¨è be µ¿»ç °ú°ÅÀÇ Àǹ®¹®: be µ¿»ç¿Í ÁÖ¾îÀÇ À§Ä¡°¡ ¹Ù²ï´Ù.

ex1) Were you at home last night?
- Yes, I was.
- No, I wasn't.

ex2) Where were you last night?

ex3) How was the movie?
- It was good.

ex4) Were you studying English when I called you?
- Yes, I was.
- No, I wasn't.

ex5) What were you doing?

p.183 [°ú°ÅÇü(Past Tense)]

£ª °ú°ÅÇü(Past Tense): °ú°ÅÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ̳ª »óŸ¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

1) I was in the hospital last month.(°ú°ÅÀÇ »óÅÂ)
  cf. go to the doctor: º´¿ø¿¡ °¡´Ù.(½É°¢ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº º¸ÅëÀÇ °æ¿ì)

2) My father left for Hongkong just now. (ÀϹݵ¿»ç °ú°ÅÇü ºÒ±ÔÄ¢º¯È­)
  She loved me.(ÀϹݵ¿»ç °ú°ÅÇü ±ÔÄ¢º¯È­)

p.102 [ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü°ú °ú°ÅºÐ»ç]

£ª ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ °ú°Å½ÃÁ¦: ~ ÇÏ´Ù(µ¿ÀÛ/Çൿ) => ~ Çß´Ù

1) °ú°ÅÇü°ú °ú°ÅºÐ»ç¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý

µ¿»ç¿øÇüÀÇ ¾î¹Ì -(e)d¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý
¿¹
 e
 e + -d
  I liked him.
 ÀÚÀ½ + y
 y -> i + -ed
  You studied English last night.
 ¸ðÀ½ + y
 y -> y + -ed
  They played soccer yesterday.
 ´Ü¸ðÀ½ + ÀÚÀ½
 + ÀÚÀ½ + -ed   He stopped smoking.

¡Ø Àå¸ðÀ½À̳ª ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½ÀÎ °æ¿ì -ed ¸¸ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) need -> needed, wait -> waited

¡Ø 2À½ÀýÀÌÁö¸¸ µÑ° À½Àý¿¡ °­¼¼°¡ ¿À¸é ¸¶Áö¸· ÀÚÀ½À» ÇÑ ¹ø ´õ ¾´ ´ÙÀ½ -ed ¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) admit -> admitted, commit -> committed

¡Ø 2À½ÀýÀÌÁö¸¸ °­¼¼°¡ ù À½Àý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â -ed ¸¸ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) visit -> visited, finish -> finished

¡Ø µÑ° À½Àý ³¡¿¡ ¿À´Â ÀÚÀ½ÀÇ °æ¿ì ¹Ì±¹½Ä°ú ¿µ±¹½ÄÀÌ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸£´Ù.
ex) ¹Ì±¹½Ä: travel -> traveled, cancel -> canceled
  ¿µ±¹½Ä: travel -> travelled, cancel -> cancelled

¡Ø -c[k] ·Î ³¡³ª´Â ´Ü¾î´Â ¹ßÀ½ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚÀ½ 'k'¸¦ ¾´ ´ÙÀ½ -ed ¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
ex) picnic -> picnicked, mimic -> mimicked

2) -ed(µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü · °ú°ÅºÐ»ç)ÀÇ ¹ßÀ½

¨ç ¹«¼ºÀ½À¸·Î ³¡³ª´Â µ¿»ç´Â [t]¹ßÀ½ÀÌ ³­´Ù.
ex) She kissed my hand.
  She helped me.
  He laughed at me.
  He passed the exam.
  I asked him a question.
  She pushed up a window.
      No one matched me in singing.(¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ³» ³ë·¡¼Ø¾¾¿Í ½Öº®À» ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.)

¨è À¯¼ºÀ½Àº [d]¹ßÀ½ÀÌ ³­´Ù.
ex) played, lived, planned, filled

¨é -d ³ª -t ·Î ³¡³¯ ¶§´Â [id]·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) ended, waited, wanted, needed

p.195 [ºÒ±ÔÄ¢µ¿»ç]

1) ÇöÀç, °ú°Å, °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ °°Àº °æ¿ì
ex) cost-cost-cost, cut-cut-cut

2) °ú°Å¿Í °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ °°Àº °æ¿ì
ex) bring-brought-brought, buy-bought-bought, catch-caught-caught

3) ÇöÀç¿Í °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ °°Àº °æ¿ì
ex) come-came-come

4) ÇöÀç, °ú°Å, °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ´Ù¸¥ °æ¿ì
ex) begin-began-begun, get-got-gotten(got), see-saw-seen