회화가 되는 40가지 핵심 영문법

Lesson 12

[조동사]

* 조동사 (modals) *

- 그 나름의 의미가 있어 문장을 다채롭게 하는 기능.

조동사 + 동사원형  ①의미

②용법(usage)

* 능력을 나타내는 조동사 *

- Can/ Could + 동사원형     능력(ability): ~ 할 수 있다

I can swim.

I can drive.

I can speak English.

- 부정문

I can no(=can't) swim.

I can't drive.

I can't make a cake.

I can't sew a button.

I can't play the piano.

I can't sing opera.

- 의문문

Can you swim?       A: Yes, I can./ No I can't.

Can you drive?

can과 can't의 발음

* 미국식 발음- can:[]/ can’t: [:]

* 영국식 발음- can: []/ can’t: [a]

- 능력을 수식해 주는 부사들

How well can you swim?     I can swim very well.     아주 잘해요.

I can swim pretty well.    꽤 잘해요.

I can swim well.          잘해요.

I’m an excellent swimmer. 잘 하는 사람이에요.

I’m an average swimmer.  보통 정도 하는 사람이에요.

I can swim a little.        약간 할 수 있어요.

I swim poorly.            서툴러요.

I’m not a good swimmer. 잘 하는 사람이 아니에요.

I’m a poor swimmer.     서투른 사람이에요.

I can’t swim at all.     전혀 못해요.

- can과 could의 비교

I couldn’t ride a bicycle, but now I can.

I could ride a bicycle, but now I can’t.

* 부탁을 나타내는 조동사 *

- Can/ Could you + 동사원형? (=Is it possible to do ~?)

Can /Could(공손) you open the window?    A: Sure.

Can you pass me the salt?   A: Sorry, but I can’t.

- Will / Would you + 동사원형? (=Are you willing to V~?)

Would you lend me some money?   A: Sure.

Will you marry me?   A: Sorry, but I can’t.

- Would you mind + V~ing?

Would you mind opening the window?   A: Not, at all.  전혀 싫지 않아요.

Would you mind taking a picture?     A: No problem./ Sure.

* 허락을 나타내는 조동사 *

- Can I + 동사원형?

Can I leave now?

Can I go to the bathroom?     A: Sure.

Can I use your cell phone?

- May I + 동사원형?

May I leave now?           A: Sure. / Yes, you may.

May I go to the bathroom?

May I speak to Mr. Kim?    (=Can I speak to Mr. Kim, please?)

May I help you?            (=What can I do for you?/ How can I help you?)

- Would you mind if I + 동사원형?

Q: Would you mind if I open the window?      A: Not, at all.

Q: Would you mind if I leave now?            A: No problem.

Q: Would you mind if I use your cell phone?  A: Feel free / Sure, go ahead.

Q: Would you mind if I smoke?                A: Yes, I would.(싫을 때)

Please, don’t. (싫을 때)