회화가 되는 40가지 핵심 영문법

Lesson 15

[수동태]

* 수동태 *

-능동적(active)- 문장의 주어가 행동을 직접 하는 경우

-수동적(passive)-주어가 행동을 직접 하지 않고 남에 의해 그 행동이 행해지는 경우

Everyone loves 문근영. 사랑한다

문근영 is loved by everyone. 사랑 받는다    수동태 be + p.p

* 수동태 : 현재시제 *

생활 속에서 쓰이는 대표적인 수동태 문장들

1. Mosquitoes bite me a lot. ->I am(not) bitten by mosquitoes a lot.

Are you bitten by mosquitoes a lot? (bite-bit-bitten)

2. They pay me \3,000 per hour. ->I am paid \3,000 per hour.

How much are you paid per hour? (pay-paid-paid)

3. They are building a new town. ->A new town is being built. (build-built-built)

4. My car is being towed. (tow: 견인하다)

* 수동태 : 과거시제 *

A dog bit me when I was young. ->I was bitten by a dog when I was young.

Someone stole my mp3 player. ->My mp3 player was stolen. (steal-stole-stolen)

When was your mp3 player?/ electronic dictionary stolen?

I was born in 1980/in Seoul. (bear–bore–born)

She was born on December 31st.

When were you born?

She dumped him->He was dumped by her.

Why was he dumped?

Korea held the World Cup in 2002. ->The World Cup was held in Korea in 2002.

When was the World Cup held in Korea? (hold–held–held)

Where was the World Cup held in 2002?

* 수동태 : 미래시제와 조동사 *

South Africa will hold the World Cup in 2010.

->The World Cup will be held in South Africa in 2010.

동사원형

When will the World Cup be held in South Africa?

Where will the World Cup be held in 2010?

* 수동태 : 현재완료 시제 *

A dog has bitten me. -> I have been bitten by a dog once.

시제    수동태

Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

Have you ever been dumped?

My cell phone has been stolen.

*행위자가 누구인지 모를 때, 중요하지 않을 때 수동태를 쓰며 by 이하를 생략한다.

*수동태는 문어체에서 더 많이 나오며 학술논문이나 신문기사에서 주로 쓰인다.

Ex) He discovered ~. -> ~ is/was discovered~.

< Write it down > News Report

1.Who: John Smith

What: The police arrested him

When: on Wednesday

->It is reported that John Smith was arrested ~.

2.Who: Boris Goodman

What: The government sued him.

When: yesterday

->It is reported that Boris Goodman was sued~.

[cf.] be 동사 자리에 get을 넣어서 쓰기도 한다. (~ 하게 되다)

get hurt-> I got hurt a lot.

get injured-> He got injured in the accident.

get paid-> I got paid today.

get stolen-> My CD player got stolen.

get dumped-> He has gotten dumped.

get ripped off-> I got ripped off at the store.

[If nothing else …] 이것만은 꼭 알아두자!

나 오늘 월급 받았어요. I got paid today.

야 너 바가지 썼어. You got ripped off.